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3.2 PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS
The word ‘pneuma’ comes from Greek and means breather wind. The word
pneumatics is the study of air movement and its phenomena is derived from the
word pneuma. Today pneumatics is mainly understood to means the application of
air as a working medium in industry especially the driving and controlling of
machines and equipment.
Pneumatics
has for some considerable time between used for carrying out the simplest
mechanical tasks in more recent times has played a more important role in the
development of pneumatic technology for automation.
Pneumatic
systems operate on a supply of compressed air which must be made available in
sufficient quantity and at a pressure to suit the capacity of the system. When
the pneumatic system is being adopted for the first time, however it wills
indeed the necessary to deal with the question of compressed air supply.
The key part
of any facility for supply of compressed air is by means using reciprocating
compressor. A compressor is a machine that takes in air, gas at a certain
pressure and delivered the air at a high pressure. Compressor capacity is the
actual quantity of air compressed and delivered and the volume expressed is
that of the air at intake conditions namely at atmosphere pressure and normal
ambient temperature.
The
compressibility of the air was first investigated by Robert Boyle in 1962 and
that found that the product of pressure and volume of a particular quantity of
gas.
PV = C (or) PıVı = P2V2
In this
equation the pressure is the absolute pressured which for free is about 14.7
Psi and is of courage capable of maintaining a column of mercury, nearly 30
inches high in an ordinary barometer. Any gas can be used in pneumatic system
but air is the mostly used system now a days.
3.2.1 PRODUCTION OF COMPRESSED AIR
Pneumatic
systems operate on a supply of compressed air, which must be made available, in
sufficient quantity and at a pressure to suit the capacity of the system. When
pneumatic system is being adopted for the first time, however it wills indeed
the necessary to deal with the question of compressed air supply.
The key part
of any facility for supply of compressed air is by means using reciprocating
compressor. A compressor is a machine that takes in air, gas at a certain
pressure and delivered the air at a high pressure. Compressor capacity is the
actual quantity of air compressed and delivered and the volume expressed is
that of the air at intake conditions namely at atmosphere pressure and normal
ambient temperature.
Clean
condition of the suction air is one of the factors, which decides the life of a
compressor. Warm and moist suction air will result in increased precipitation
of condense from the compressed air. Compressor may be classified in two
general types.
1.
Positive
displacement compressor.
2.
Turbo
compressor
Positive
displacement compressors are most frequently employed for compressed air plant
and have proved highly successful and supply air for pneumatic control
application
3.2.2 PNEUMATIC SINGLE
ACTING CYLINDER:
Pneumatic cylinder consist of A) PISTON
B) CYLINDER
The cylinder
is a Single acting cylinder one, which means that the air pressure operates
forward and spring returns backward. The
air from the compressor is passed through the regulator which controls the
pressure to required amount by adjusting its knob. A pressure gauge is attached to the regulator
for showing the line pressure. Then the compressed air is passed through the
single acting 3/2 solenoid valve for supplying the air to one side of the
cylinder. One hose take the output of
the directional Control (Solenoid) valve and they are attached to one end of
the cylinder by means of connectors. One
of the outputs from the directional control valve is taken to the flow control
valve from taken to the cylinder. The hose is attached to each component of
pneumatic system only by connectors.
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